---
title: "Dual Inlet"
description: >
  A minimal example for processing .raw data files from a dual inlet experiment
output: rmarkdown::html_vignette
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Dual Inlet}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
editor_options: 
  chunk_output_type: console
---

> This is a minimal example for processing .raw data files from a dual inlet experiment

```{r, include=FALSE}
# default chunk options
knitr::opts_chunk$set(collapse = FALSE, message = TRUE, comment = "")
```

```{r, message=FALSE}
# libraries
library(isoorbi) #load isoorbi R package
library(forcats) #better ordering of factor variables in plots
library(dplyr) # for mutating data frames
library(ggplot2) # for data visualization
```

# Load raw file(s)

```{r}
# Read test data .raw file
raw_file <- orbi_get_example_files("dual_inlet.raw")

data_all <-
  raw_file |>
  orbi_read_raw(include_spectra = c(10, 100)) |>
  orbi_aggregate_raw()

# identify nitrate isotopocules
# could come from a tsv, csv, or xlsx spreadsheet instead
isotopocules <- tibble(
  compound = "nitrate",
  isotopocule = c("M0", "15N", "17O", "18O"),
  mass = c(61.9878, 62.9850, 62.9922, 63.9922)
)
data_all <- data_all |>
  orbi_identify_isotopocules(isotopocules) |>
  # disregard unidentified and missing isotopocules
  orbi_filter_isotopocules()
```

# Show spectrum

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=3}
data_all |> orbi_plot_spectra()
```

# Preprocess data

```{r}
# Preprocess data (this is exactly the same as with an isox file)
df <- 
  data_all |>
  # check for issues
  # removes minor peaks that are in the same mass tolerance window
  # of an isotopocule 
  orbi_flag_satellite_peaks() |> 
  # flag signals of isotopocules that were not detected
  # in all scans
  orbi_flag_weak_isotopocules(min_percent = 100) |> 
  # flags outlying scans that have more than 2 times or less than
  # 1/2 times the average number of ions in the Orbitrap analyzer; 
  # another method: agc_window (see function documentation for more details)
  orbi_flag_outliers(agc_fold_cutoff = 2) |>
  # sets one isotopocule in the dataset as the base peak
  # (denominator) for ratio calculation
  orbi_define_basepeak(basepeak_def = "M0") 
```

No satellite peaks, no weak isotopocules, a few AGC fold outliers:

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=5}
df |> orbi_plot_raw_data(y = tic * it.ms, y_scale = "log")
```

# Define dual inlet blocks

```{r}
# define blocks
df_w_blocks <-
  df |>
  # general definition
  orbi_define_blocks_for_dual_inlet(
    # the reference block is 10 min long
    ref_block_time.min = 10, 
    # the sample block is 10 min long
    sample_block_time.min = 10, 
    # there is 5 min of data before the reference block starts, 
    # to stabilize spray conditions
    startup_time.min = 5, 
    # it takes 2 min to make sure the right solution is measured
    # after switching the valve
    change_over_time.min = 2, 
    sample_block_name = "sample",
    ref_block_name = "reference"
  ) |> 
  # fine adjustments
  # the 1st reference block is shorter by 2 min, cut from the start
  orbi_adjust_block(block = 1, shift_start_time.min = 2) |> 
  # the start and end of the 2nd reference block are manually set
  orbi_adjust_block(block = 4, set_start_time.min = 38, set_end_time.min = 44) 

# get blocks info
blocks_info <- df_w_blocks |> orbi_get_blocks_info()
blocks_info |> knitr::kable()
```

# Raw data plots

## Plot 1: default block highlights + outliers

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=5}
# total ions per scan
df_w_blocks |> orbi_plot_raw_data(y = intensity, y_scale = "linear")

# isotopocule ratios - you can see that even the AGC outliers
# still create decent ratios
df_w_blocks |>  orbi_plot_raw_data(y = ratio)
```


## Plot 2: highlight blocks in data + no outliers

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=5}
df_w_blocks |> 
  orbi_plot_raw_data(
    isotopocules = "15N",
    y = ratio,
    color = NULL,
    add_all_blocks = TRUE,
    show_outliers = FALSE
  ) +
  # add other ggplot elements, e.g. more specific axis labels
  labs(x = "time [min]", y = "15N/M0 ratio")
```

## Plot 3: highlight sample blocks on top

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=5}
df_w_blocks |> 
  orbi_plot_raw_data(
    isotopocules = "15N",
    y = ratio,
    add_all_blocks = TRUE,
    show_outliers = FALSE,
    color = factor(block)
  ) +
  labs(x = "time [min]", y = "15N/M0 ratio", color = "block #")
```

# Data summaries

```{r}
# calculate summary
df_w_summary <- 
  df_w_blocks |>
  # segment (optional)
  orbi_segment_blocks(into_segments = 3) |>
  # calculate results, including for the unused parts of the data blocks
  orbi_summarize_results(
    ratio_method = "sum",
    include_unused_data = TRUE
  )

# export to excel
df_w_summary |> orbi_export_data_to_excel(file = "output.xlsx")
```

```{r}
#| include: false
unlink("output.xlsx")
```

## Plot 1: ratios summary by block and segment

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=7}
# get out the summary and plot all isotopocules using a ggplot from scratch
df_w_summary |>
  orbi_get_data(summary = everything()) |>
  filter(data_type == "data") |>
  mutate(block_seg = sprintf("%s.%s", block, segment) |> fct_inorder()) |>
  # data
  ggplot() +
  aes(
    x = block_seg,
    y = ratio, ymin = ratio - ratio_sem, ymax = ratio + ratio_sem,
    color = sample_name
  ) +
  geom_pointrange() +
  facet_grid(isotopocule ~ ., scales = "free_y") +
  # scales
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
  theme_bw() +
  labs(x = "block.segment", y = "ratio")
```

## Plot 2: ratios with block backgrounds and raw data

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=6}
#| warning: false
# make a plot for 15N
plot2 <- df_w_blocks |>
  orbi_get_data(scans = everything(), peaks = everything()) |>
  filter(isotopocule == "15N") |>
  mutate(panel = "raw ratios") |>
  # raw data plot
  orbi_plot_raw_data(
    y = ratio,
    color = NULL,
    add_all_blocks = TRUE,
    show_outliers = FALSE
  ) +
   # ratio summary data
  geom_pointrange(
    data = function(df) {
      df_w_summary |> 
        orbi_get_data(summary = everything()) |>
        filter(as.character(isotopocule) == df$isotopocule[1]) |> 
        mutate(panel = "summary")
    },
    map = aes(
      x = mean_time.min, y = ratio, 
      ymin = ratio - ratio_sem, ymax = ratio + ratio_sem,
      shape = sample_name
    ), 
    size = 0.5
  ) +
  facet_grid(panel ~ ., switch = "y") +
  theme(strip.placement = "outside") +
  labs(y = NULL, title = "15N/M0")

plot2
```

```{r, fig.width=8, fig.height=6}
#| warning: false
# same but with 18O
plot2 %+% 
  (df_w_blocks |> orbi_get_data(scans = everything(), peaks = everything()) |>
   filter(isotopocule == "18O") |> mutate(panel = "raw ratios")) +
  labs(title = "18O/M0")
```