%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % File: yi4latex.tex % Date: September 2, 1997 % Author: Oliver Corff % (c) 1997 Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Berlin % % A package for providing the Yi script to LaTeX-users. % % NB: This package requires LaTeX2e! % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article} \usepackage{yi} \title{\huge\textbf{\Ynuo\Ysu\Ybbur\Yma}\\ \vspace{.25cm} \sf Yi for \LaTeX , v.~0.1} \author{Oliver Corff\protect\footnote{% The \YiL\ package was developed while receiving a DFG (German Research Council) grant to which the author expresses his sincere gratitude.}} \date{Sep.~2nd, 1997} \newcommand{\YiL}{\textsf{Yi for \LaTeX}} \markboth{\YiL}{\YiL} \pagestyle{myheadings} \begin{document} \maketitle \thispagestyle{myheadings} \section{Introduction} {\YiL} is a package providing the Yi script for \LaTeX\ users. The Yi live mainly in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, and have a population of about 6.5 million (1990). There are various viewpoints on when the Yi script originated; some scholars claim this happened during the Tang dynasty, others say it occurred only during the Ming dynasty, and others again place the date well back by 6000 years. A detailed summary of arguments is presented by Ding Chunshou in his treaty (\emph{On Yi})% \footnote{Ding Chunshou: \emph{Yiwen Lun}. Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe, Chengdu 1993. ISBN 7-5409-0659-6/H.41} The historical Yi script comprised somewhere close to 10,000 characters which were used in a way similar to Chinese, i.~e.~they had ideographic properties. Modern Yi, however, takes a radically different approach: All syllables have a unique sound but no intrinsic meaning whatsoever. This system was promulgated by the State Council as Standardized Yi in 1980 and subsequently popularized by a number of dictionaries, grammars etc. The \YiL\ package provides all 1165 Yi syllables as defined in the State Council decree of 1980, arranged by a consonant order which is a hybrid between the syllabic arrangement by phonetics and a pure alphabetical arrangement. This arrangement was not chosen by the author; it reflects the current status of discussions on creating ISO and Unicode standards for Yi. If this order is preserved, the only thing needed for using these fonts in 16-bit environments is to indicate the offset into this code space. Since the number of syllables is so large, five encodings had to be defined. These are labelled as local encodings: the series LYA, \dots\ LYE stands for [L]ocal [Y]i, [A] to [E]. Regardless of the physical arrangement of the syllables in the font, the user always has access to all syllables via their syllable name. \section{How to use the Yi package} This section describes which files are necessary and which commands are needed for invoking the Yi syllables. \subsection{Necessary files} The Yi package consists of the following files: \begin{raggedright} \begin{description} \item [Package] The file {\tt yi.sty} provides all necessary declarations and commands for selecting and entering the Yi script. Place this file somewhere where your \LaTeX\ installation will find it. In {\tt emtex} systems, this could be the path \verb"\emtex\texinput\yi" assuming you have a subdirectory named \verb"yi" which holds everything necessary for Yi Language Support. \item [Fonts] The font files are: \begin{enumerate} \item {\tt yir-[1-5].mf}: These are the font drivers for generating regular typeface. \item {\tt yib-[1-5].mf}: These are the font drivers for generating boldface. \item {\tt yis-[1-5].mf}: These files contain the individual syllable definitions. \item {\tt yi[rb]parms.mf}: These files contain the settings for different typefaces. \item {\tt yirdefs.mf}: This file contains general macro definitions used for the syllable definitions. \end{enumerate} These 18 files should reside in a directory where {\sc Metafont} can find them, e.~g. \verb"\emtex\mfinput\yi" if using \verb"emtex", or perhaps in \verb"/usr/local/tex.local/texmf/fonts/source/public/yi/" when using \verb"teTeX". \item [Font Metrics] The ten font metrics files {\tt yi[rb]-[1-5].tfm} go into \verb"\emtex\tfm\yi" or \verb"/usr/local/tex.local/texmf/fonts/tfm/yi/". \item [Documentation] There are two files, a character table named \verb"yi-table.tex" and a description of the package named {\tt yi4latex.tex}. You are reading it at the moment. Both files can be placed in the same directory as {\tt yi.sty} or in a separate directory in the \verb"\emtex\doc" branch, or in \verb"/usr/local/tex.local/texmf/doc/". \end{description} \end{raggedright} \subsection{Declarations and Input Methods} In order to use the Yi script, the document preamble must contain the declaration \verb"\usepackage{yi}". This is the only necessary step. Entering Yi syllables into any text is straightforward. In the \YiL\ package, all syllable names are defined as text commands. The syllable names are prefixed by \verb"\Y". Two typefaces, regular and boldface, are supported, and they are addressed as in any textmode. Thus, the title of this paper is generated with the following commands: \begin{center} regular: \verb"\Ynuo\Ysu\Ybbur\Yma" \\ \Ynuo\Ysu\Ybbur\Yma \\ boldface: \verb"{\textbf{\Ynuo\Ysu\Ybbur\Yma}}" \\ {\Large\textbf{\Ynuo\Ysu\Ybbur\Yma}}\\ \end{center} Instead of stating \verb"\Y"\emph{syllable} it is also possible to use the form \verb"\Y{"\emph{syllable}\verb"}". Besides that, the Yi numbers can be entered with the commands \verb"\YOne", \verb"YTwo", \verb"\YThree" up to \verb"\YTen": \YOne, \YTwo, \YThree, \YFour, \YFive, \YSix, \YSeven, \YEight, \YNine\ and \YTen. Another command is useful when writing about Yi (rather than in Yi): The pronounciation of each syllable can be attached to that syllable by saying \verb"\YP{"\emph{syllable}\verb"}": \begin{center} Input: \verb"\YP{nuo}\YP{su}\YP{bbur}\YP{ma}" \\ Result: \YP{nuo}\YP{su}\YP{bbur}\YP{ma} \\ \end{center} The text example on the next page shows the result of applying this command to a whole text. The syllable reduplication mark \YP{wu} can also be entered as \YP{w}. This is done intentionally. \section{Known Problems} There seems to be only one genuine problem so far: In \TeX\ environments which do not go through PostScript to generate printer output, e.~g.~\verb"emtex", it is possible that downloading a large amount of large character bitmaps into the printer can cause a printer memory overflow. This happened with a Hewlett-Packard LaserJet IV when trying to print the whole font table (comprising 1165 characters) with Yi characters set at \verb"|\Huge". The remedy is simple: Print until the printer complains and gives up, and start a new printing job with the first page set to where the printer died on the last job. This will take you safely through the rest of your printing job. \section{Legal Status} The \YiL\ package is protected by copyright: it is not in the public domain. Non-commercial, academic and private use is permitted; commercial parties willing to use \YiL\ are requested to obtain a licence. You are allowed and indeed encouraged to share this software with others; you are not allowed to modify the software and redistribute the modified software under the same name. Modified versions of this software may only be distributed if the name is different from the original software and if the modified software is accompanied by the original software. This software package may only be distributed in complete form, preferably in form of the archive as which is was obtained from its source. \section{Desiderata} %\begin{sloppypar} The package in its present stage cannot be regarded complete. Some of the letter shapes still need a bit of refinement, and for a future research project it is desirable to encode the pre-standardization Yi characters (of which there are around 10,000 or so). This, however, is work which cannot be done from books alone; the support of native Yi speakers is required. The punctuation marks used in Yi literature are in Chinese style; though the use of Western style punctuation may be permissible, a full set of suitable punctuation marks waits to be implemented. The input method works but can barely called a user interface; an input preprocessor which allows the entering of Yi text without specific syllable markup would be fine, and waits to be written. Either a small C preprocessor or a \TeX\ program are acceptable; the latter to be preferred since no additional user interaction would be necessary. It would be a great thing if Omega appears soon; the characters could then be mapped to the Unicode world simply by defining an offset into the 16-bit code space, and the LYA to LYE business would become obsolete. Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated and should be directed to the author of these lines at \verb"corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de". %\end{sloppypar} \pagebreak \section{A text sample% \protect\footnote{See Ding:1993, p.~120}: \Ypup\Yguop\Ymgu\Yxi\Yndit} \YP{ngop} \YP{ox} \YP{ge} \YP{ap} \YP{mop} \YP{su} \YP{pup} \YP{guop} \YP{li}, \YP{mux} \YP{pyr} \YP{a} \YP{jjy}, \YP{ddur} \YP{lu} \YP{ax} \YP{nyi} \YP{mu} \YP{jjo}, \YP{zzur} \YP{pup} \YP{ax} \YP{li} \YP{xip} \YP{ma} \YP{nge}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{cyx} \YP{ma} \YP{xy} \YP{wa} \YP{mu}, \YP{mu} \YP{wa} \YP{vo} \YP{le} \YP{ggup} \YP{mu} \YP{sot} \YP{go} \YP{ho} \YP{ne} \YP{kop} \YP{ggu} \YP{hxa} \YP{fut} \YP{ci} \YP{vat} \YP{nra} \YP{ma} \YP{jjo}; \YP{co} \YP{cux} \YP{vyt} \YP{nyi} \YP{nge} \YP{cix} \YP{nge} \YP{bbup} \YP{nra} \YP{jjo}, \YP{co} \YP{go} \YP{ci} \YP{vat} \YP{w} \YP{o} \YP{hmy} \YP{jjo}. \YP{ngop} \YP{pup} \YP{guop} \YP{cyx} \YP{ma} \YP{li}, ``\YP{zho} \YP{huop} \YP{vo} \YP{co} \YP{jjy} \YP{gex} \YP{nzix} \YP{nyi} \YP{guop} '' \YP{hmi}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{ly} \YP{kop} \YP{rep} \YP{dde} \YP{ne} \YP{bip} \YP{ji} \YP{lur} \YP{kur} \YP{nge}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{gu} \YP{ho} \YP{sat} \YP{ma} \YP{nge}, \YP{mu} \YP{jy} \YP{nge} \YP{ma} \YP{bbop} \YP{jjie} \YP{lap} \YP{vut} \YP{tie} \YP{nga} \YP{mop} \YP{jjip}, \YP{ggup} \YP{lep} \YP{w} \YP{ne} \YP{che} \YP{si} \YP{nip} \YP{zzie} \YP{ma} \YP{sip} \YP{zhop} \YP{mga} \YP{mu} \YP{da} \YP{ma} \YP{nge}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{po} \YP{bbo} \YP{li}, \YP{po} \YP{bbo} \YP{a} \YP{hni} \YP{bbut} \YP{go} \YP{jyx} \YP{nge} \YP{rry} \YP{nge} \YP{ma} \YP{dit} \YP{da} \YP{bbut} \YP{nge}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{shyp} \YP{si} \YP{hmox} \YP{li} \YP{zho} \YP{guop} \YP{gop} \YP{cha} \YP{dax} \YP{nge}. \YP{ngop} \YP{pup} \YP{guop} \YP{mgu} \YP{xi} \YP{ndit} \YP{cyx} \YP{ma} \YP{li}, \YP{zzyt} \YP{mu} \YP{gax} \YP{tuo} \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{co} \YP{ma} \YP{ax} \YP{nyi} \YP{lop} \YP{ax} \YP{nyi} \YP{max} \YP{su}, \YP{mux} \YP{pyr} \YP{nyi} \YP{a} \YP{jjy} \YP{lop} \YP{a} \YP{jjy} \YP{suo} \YP{ma} \YP{su} \YP{nge}. \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{xy} \YP{wa} \YP{nbi} \YP{se} \YP{nyip} \YP{zi} \YP{nyix} \YP{ma}, \YP{zyt} \YP{jie} \YP{jux} \YP{dde} \YP{qu} \YP{nge} \YP{ma}, \YP{lur} \YP{kur} \YP{shyp} \YP{ax} \YP{yy} \YP{suo} \YP{ma}, \YP{jjy} \YP{gex} \YP{mu} \YP{jux} \YP{dde} \YP{suo} \YP{ci} \YP{ma} \YP{mu} \YP{da}. \YP{ngop} \YP{ox} \YP{pup} \YP{guop} \YP{li}, \YP{zzur} \YP{pup} \YP{ax} \YP{li}, \YP{mo} \YP{nyop}, \YP{get} \YP{nyop}, \YP{syr} \YP{nyop}, \YP{bbot} \YP{nyop}, \YP{hxe} \YP{nyop} \YP{cyp} \YP{xix} \YP{cyp} \YP{yiet} \YP{ap} \YP{ddur} \YP{ddu} \YP{ap} \YP{jjo}, \YP{syp} \YP{lu} \YP{mo} \YP{lu} \YP{get} \YP{lu} \YP{bbo} \YP{pat} \YP{ry} \YP{su} \YP{nyi} \YP{ax} \YP{nyi} \YP{mu} \YP{jjox} \YP{ma} \YP{nge}. \YP{yy} \YP{hmy} \YP{jox} \YP{zhy} \YP{dop} \YP{yit}, \YP{tep} \YP{yy} \YP{su} \YP{qu} \YP{ddie} \YP{su}, \YP{cy} \YP{mop} \YP{ddie} \YP{su} \YP{si} \YP{nip} \YP{tep} \YP{yy} \YP{bbur} \YP{ma} \YP{zhet} \YP{su} \YP{jix} \YP{po} \YP{cyx} \YP{ly} \YP{yiet} \YP{jjy} \YP{gex} \YP{ngop} \YP{guop} \YP{jiet} \YP{miep} \YP{lie} \YP{bbo} \YP{pat} \YP{shu} \YP{la} \YP{su} \YP{nge}. \end{document}